QURANIC LEGAL MAXIMS (QAWĀʿID QURʾĀNIYYAH): FOUNDATIONS, HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT, AND INTEGRATION WITH QURANIC SCIENCES

Abstract

This study explores the conceptual framework, historical evolution, and thematic classification of Quranic Principles (Qawāʿid Qurʾāniyyah), emphasizing their role in Islamic scholarship. The research delineates the distinction between Quranic Principles and Quranic Sciences (ʿUlūm al-Qurʾān), highlighting their interrelation and methodological divergence. Two primary approaches to deriving Quranic principles are identified: (1) direct extraction (istikhraj) from Quranic verses and (2) deductive reasoning (istinbāṭ) from Quranic texts. The study further categorizes these principles into declarative (khabariyyah) and prescriptive (taklīfiyyah) types, as well as general (ʿāmmah) and specific (khāṣṣah) domains. Contemporary works, such as "Qāʿidah Qurʾāniyyah fī al-Nafs wa al-Ḥayāh" by Dr. ʿUmar ibn ʿAbdullāh al-Muqbil and "Muʿjam al-Qawāʿid al-Qurʾāniyyah" by Dr. Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Sharīf, are analyzed to demonstrate the application of Quranic principles in diverse fields, including human psychology, ethics, and proselytization (daʿwah). The findings underscore the Qurʾān’s adaptability as a source of universal axioms and context-specific guidance, offering a robust framework for interdisciplinary Islamic scholarship.