مذاکرات و معاہدات کے ذریعے قیامِ امن: اسوۂ نبوی ﷺ اور معاصر بین الاقوامی قوانین کا تقابلی و تحقیقی جائزہ

Abstract

This article explores the concept of war and peace in Islam through the life and teachings of Prophet Muhammad (SAW), and compares it with modern international legal principles. It begins by examining the pre-Islamic Arab society, where wars were often fought for tribal pride, revenge, and material gain. In such an environment, the Prophet ﷺ introduced a major transformation by redefining war as a limited and ethical act, allowed only for just and necessary purposes.

The study highlights that Islam permits war mainly for defense, protection of the oppressed, and removal of injustice, as guided by the Qur’an. At the same time, it strongly emphasizes peace, dialogue, and negotiation as the primary means of conflict resolution. Through key examples from the Prophet’s life; such as the Charter of Medina and  other agreements with various tribes, the article demonstrates that peaceful solutions were always preferred over armed conflict.

Furthermore, the article presents a comparative analysis with contemporary international laws. These frameworks also promote negotiation and peaceful settlement of disputes, reflecting values that were practiced in the Prophetic era.

The research concludes that the Prophetic model offers a balanced and ethical approach to conflict, where war is a last resort, and peace is the ultimate goal. It suggests that modern global systems can benefit from these principles to achieve sustainable peace and justice.