A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL APPROACHES OF GRAMMAR TEACHING IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE INSTITUTES OF PAKISTAN

Abstract

Grammar education helps ESL learners communicate by providing structure. Many techniques of teaching English grammar exist, including horizontal and vertical approaches. Previous research has examined horizontal and vertical English grammar teaching approaches separately. The effectiveness of these English grammar teaching approaches has not been compared. The current study uses Braun and Clarke's theme analysis model under dynamic grammar education theory to compare horizontal and vertical English grammar teaching techniques. Learning fluency and confidence improve with the horizontal method, which emphasizes meaning-based education and contextual application, according to the study. However, the vertical technique of step-by-step structure development increases learners' grammatical accuracy and long-term rules. Thematic analysis showed that integrating the two methodologies promotes balanced form and function, which yields the best results. The research shows how each technique affects ESL grammar acquisition and the importance of a flexible blended approach.