HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY IN CONTEMPORARY SCIENCE AND ISLAMIC TEACHINGS: A COMPARATIVE ETHICAL FRAMEWORK

Abstract

This paper explores the ethical dimensions of human physiology through a comparative framework integrating contemporary scientific understandings and Islamic teachings. Modern science has provided detailed insights into the functioning of the human body, from cellular mechanisms to complex organ systems, emphasizing empirical evidence and clinical experimentation. Concurrently, Islamic teachings offer a holistic perspective on the human body, considering it a trust (amanah) from God that must be preserved and respected. The comparison reveals convergences and divergences in ethical interpretations surrounding topics such as organ donation, genetic modification, reproductive technologies, and end-of-life care. While contemporary bioethics often revolves around autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice, Islamic ethics draws upon divine revelation, the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), and principles such as maqasid al-shariah (objectives of Islamic law). By integrating both frameworks, the paper argues for a more comprehensive understanding of human physiology that respects both scientific progress and spiritual dimensions. It proposes an ethical model that harmonizes the sanctity of life, bodily integrity, and accountability before God, facilitating interdisciplinary dialogue between science and religion. The paper concludes by recommending that contemporary medical practices incorporate religious sensitivities to enhance culturally competent care, particularly in Muslim communities.