Protecting Rights of Domestic Workers in Pakistan: An Analysis of Existing Laws and Need for Comprehensive Legislation

Abstract

This research is critical examination of domestic workers’ rights in Pakistan with a special focus on current laws and to suggest reforms needed. Even though the Islamabad Capital Territory Domestic Workers Act 2022 and the Punjab Domestic Workers Act 2019 have been legislated, but domestic workers remain vulnerable to exploitation and abuse due to the lack of proper implementation. This research identifies obstacles in the enforcement of these laws, such as weak enforcement strategies, low registration rates, lack of awareness, and the informal nature of domestic work. These factors add further to the vulnerability. Further, this research suggests the creation of a specialized tribunal to deal with the cases of domestic workers abuse and adjudicate the matters expeditiously. In addition, it seeks legislative reforms to protect all domestic workers and guarantee the effective realization of labor rights across Pakistan. By looking at the socio-legal barriers, this research emphasizes the need of a multi-dimensional approach from the state, civil society, and the judicial system to protect the dignity, rights, and welfare of the domestic workers of the country.