منتخب تہذیبوں کی نظریاتی بنیادیں : مغربی فکر، اسلامی روایت، اور جدید انسانی شعور

Ideological Foundations of Selected Civilizations: Western Thought, Islamic Tradition, and Modern Human Consciousness

Abstract

This research explores the ideological foundations of major civilizations, focusing particularly on Western thought and Islamic tradition, while also considering the evolution of modern human consciousness. Civilizations are not merely political or economic systems; they are reflections of deeply rooted worldviews, belief systems, and moral structures. Western civilization, shaped significantly by Greco-Roman philosophy, Christian theology, Enlightenment rationalism, and modern secularism, represents a complex trajectory of intellectual evolution and cultural transformation. It emphasizes individualism, material progress, and human autonomy, often distancing itself from metaphysical or religious absolutes. In contrast, Islamic civilization is grounded in divine revelation and the prophetic model, offering a comprehensive worldview that integrates spiritual, ethical, and social dimensions of life. It promotes a holistic approach to knowledge, governance, community, and morality rooted in the Qur'an and Sunnah. This study highlights how both civilizations approach concepts such as truth, purpose, society, and the role of the individual. Furthermore, the paper examines how modern global challenges—such as moral relativism, identity crises, and spiritual vacuum—are reshaping human consciousness. In this evolving landscape, the tension and dialogue between Islamic tradition and Western thought offer valuable insights into humanity’s search for meaning and stability. This comparative analysis aims to enrich academic understanding of civilizational thought and its impact on contemporary societies, inviting reflection on the future direction of global human development.