نکاح سے قبل طبی ٹیسٹ کا شرعی جواز اور عصری تقاضے: اسلامی فقہ اور جدید طبی علوم کا تقابلی مطالعہ

The Religious Legitimacy and Contemporary Requirements of Medical Tests Before Marriage: A Comparative Study of Islamic Jurisprudence and Modern Medical Sciences

Abstract

Marriage is a sacred bond that not only influences the relationship between spouses but also has a profound impact on the health and well-being of future generations. One of the key factors for a successful marital life is the physical and mental health of both partners. In modern times, the trend of premarital medical testing is gaining widespread acceptance to prevent infectious and genetic diseases and to ensure a healthier marital relationship. These tests help identify potential health risks, allowing couples to make informed decisions regarding their marriage and future family planning. From an Islamic perspective, the concept of medical testing before marriage raises important jurisprudential and ethical questions. While Islam emphasizes the well-being of individuals and society, it also upholds the principles of privacy, mutual consent, and trust between spouses. Scholars have debated whether mandatory premarital medical tests align with Islamic teachings or infringe upon personal freedoms. Some argue that such tests are necessary for the greater good, aligning with the Islamic principle of preventing harm (Darar), while others believe that making them compulsory contradicts the spirit of marital trust and personal choice. This study aims to explore the religious legitimacy of premarital medical testing, analyzing Islamic jurisprudence in comparison with contemporary medical research. It examines the benefits and challenges associated with these tests, considering both ethical and legal dimensions in Islamic and modern contexts. The findings of this study will provide a comprehensive understanding of how premarital medical screening can be harmonized with Islamic principles while addressing contemporary health concerns.