اسلامی ریاست کے بنیادی مقاصد اور سماجی بہبود میں اس کا کردار ریاست مدینہ کی روشنی میں ایک تحقیقی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ

The Basic Objectives of the Islamic State and its Role in Social Welfare A Research and Analytical Study in the Light of the State of Medina

Abstract

The establishment of an Islamic state is not merely a matter of political order but a means of establishing a divine system of justice and welfare. The aim of the state is to free man from oppression, exploitation and deprivation and to establish a society based on justice, equality and moral superiority. The state of Medina, which the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) established in Medina, is the theoretical and practical model of the Islamic state. Some of its salient aspects were:

• Rule of law: All citizens, whether Muslims or non-Muslims, were equal before the law.
• Social Justice: A welfare system was established through institutions such as Zakat, Sadaqat, Baitul Mal, and the Brotherhood of Medina.
• Brotherhood and Equality: Brotherhood was demonstrated in practice between the Ansar and the Muhajireen.
• Minority Rights: The protection of the lives and property of non-Muslims was ensured through the Charter of Medina.
• Transparent Government: The ruler was made accountable and answerable to the subjects.

The Islamic state plays a direct role in every aspect of human welfare — economic, educational, health, and judicial justice.

• Economic Welfare: The system of Zakat, Ushr, Sadaqat, and Baitul Mal enables poverty reduction and equitable distribution of resources.
• Education and Training: The state promotes education as a fundamental right so that both knowledge and morality are strengthened.
• Social Justice: The rights of the weaker sections, orphans, widows, and the poor are guaranteed.
• Peace and Equality: Peace and justice are considered religious duties in the Islamic state.

The principles of the State of Medina are more comprehensive than today's modern welfare state models because they are based on spiritual and moral values.

The Islamic state aims not only for material well-being but also for spiritual and moral purification. If Islamic countries follow these principles in the modern era, it may be possible to eliminate poverty, corruption, and class discrimination.