اردو شاعری میں ماحولیاتی عناصر کی پیشکش اور ماحولیاتی تحفظ کے محریکات(جوشؔ، اقبالؔؔ، فیضؔ کے کلام کے تناظر میں)

Environmental Aesthetics in Urdu Poetry: A Critical Examination of the Works of Josh, Iqbal, and Faiz

Abstract

This research investigates the nuanced interplay between nature and poetic expression in Urdu literature, with a particular focus on the works of Josh Malihabadi, Allama Iqbal, and Faiz Ahmed Faiz. Adopting an ecocritical perspective, the study analyzes the ways in which environmental aesthetics are articulated through imagery, symbolism, and metaphor in their poetry. Josh’s compositions present nature as a vibrant and transformative force, while Iqbal’s verses portray the natural world as both a reflection of divine order and a source of human inspiration. Faiz, on the other hand, weaves environmental imagery into themes of social justice, linking the beauty of nature with the struggles of marginalized communities. The primary texts are examined alongside relevant critical scholarship to reveal intersections between ecological sensitivity and literary creativity. This analysis demonstrates that nature in Urdu poetry is not a passive backdrop but an active agent shaping philosophical and socio-political discourse. The study concludes that the environmental aesthetics in these poets’ works extend beyond romanticized depictions, engaging with moral, spiritual, and political dimensions of the human-nature relationship, thus contributing to both literary scholarship and environmental thought.