برصغیر میں فنِ تجوید: قرآنی و نبوی دلائل اور آثارِ صحابہؓ کے تناظرمیں تحقیقی جائزہ

The Science of Tajweed in the Indian Subcontinent: A Research-Based Study in the Light of Qur’anic and Prophetic Evidences and the Traditions of the Companions

Abstract

The science of Tajweed, which ensures the accurate pronunciation and melodious recitation of the Qur’an, has always occupied a central place in Islamic tradition. Linguistically derived from the Arabic root jawwada meaning beautification or perfection, Tajweed refers to reciting each letter from its proper articulation point with precision, balance, and spiritual resonance. This discipline not only preserves the phonetic integrity of the Qur’an but also enhances the spiritual experience of recitation. The Qur’an itself commands believers to recite with deliberation, while the Prophetic traditions emphasize correctness, beauty, and humility in Qur’anic recitation. The Companions (Sahaba) practically demonstrated these principles, laying the foundation for the science of Tajweed, which was later codified and elaborated by classical scholars. Within the Indian Subcontinent, Tajweed has evolved into a distinctive tradition, nurtured through madaris, mosques, and scholarly circles that combined classical Arab methodologies with local pedagogical approaches. This research paper presents an analytical study of Tajweed in the Subcontinent, focusing on its Qur’anic foundations, Prophetic endorsements, and the evidences found in the sayings and practices of the Companions. It also highlights the educational and spiritual importance of Tajweed in preserving the purity of Qur’anic recitation and strengthening the believer’s connection with the Divine Word. The findings reveal that Tajweed in the Subcontinent has not only been a technical science but also a spiritual art that embodies both authenticity and accessibility, ensuring the timeless transmission of the Qur’an’s message.