عہد خلافت راشدہ میں تعلیم وتزکیہ میں پیش رفت:ایک تحقیقی مطالعہ

Progress in Education and Spiritual Purification during the Era of the Rightly Guided Caliphate: A Study

Abstract

The era of the Rightly Guided Caliphate (11 AH to 40 AH) marks a golden chapter in Islamic history, distinguished not only by political and military achievements but also by remarkable advancements in education and spiritual purification (tazkiyah). This study aims to explore the development of educational and moral training systems during this period. The research is framed around key questions: (1) What was the foundational structure of education and tazkiyah during the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs? (2) How were religious and worldly sciences integrated? (3) What role did the Companions (RA) play in promoting self-purification and moral refinement? (4) What relevance does this historical model hold for contemporary educational systems?A historical-analytical methodology has been employed, relying on sources such as biographies of the Companions, classical Islamic historiography, and legal traditions. As case studies, the caliphates of Umar ibn al-Khattab (RA) and Ali ibn Abi Talib (RA) are examined in depth to highlight the structure and functionality of educational institutions such as mosques, the public treasury (Bayt al-Mal), and judicial offices, which doubled as centers for both education and moral training.The significance of this research lies in its ability to present a holistic and value-driven educational model from the past as a solution to the contemporary moral and intellectual crises in the Muslim world. The expected outcomes suggest that a simplified, integrated, and ethically grounded educational system can greatly contribute to social welfare, justice, honesty, and inner purification. This study offers valuable insights for modern Muslim societies seeking to develop comprehensive models of education and spiritual development rooted in authentic Islamic tradition.