IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP TO LEARNING: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN DISTRICT KECH, BALOCHISTAN

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of leadership on learning outcomes in public and private secondary schools in District Kech, Balochistan, using both quantitative and qualitative a mixed-methods approach within a pragmatic research philosophy. Grounded in the Carpe Vitam Leadership for Learning (LfL) framework, the research examines how leadership practices influence teaching quality, student success, community involvement, and school collaboration in a resource-constrained rural context. Data were collected from students, parents, teachers and head teachers across four schools through structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews protocol. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS, while qualitative insights were examined with NVIVO 14. Findings revealed significant differences between public and private schools: public school participants demonstrated stronger academic expectations, leadership engagement, and freedom for experimentation, while private school participants emphasized better teacher-parent communication and civic education opportunities. Leadership styles varied between hierarchical models in public schools and more collaborative practices in private schools. Both sectors faced challenges, including limited parental involvement, resource shortages, and leadership training gaps mover ever the study suggested some other   recommendations based on the findings and future study suggestions which has been given   enhancing communication channels, promoting leadership development, encouraging student voice, and adopting student-centered teaching methodologies. Limitations of the study includes a small sample size and focus on a single district, highlighting the need for further research across broader regions to inform educational improvement efforts in underdeveloped areas of Pakistan.