اردو میں ماحولیاتی تنقیدی مطالعات (تحقیقی جائزہ)

THE STUDIES OF ECO-CRITICISM IN URDU (RESEARCH ANALYSIS)

Abstract

Eco-criticism is a new form of study. This discourse is the study of the relationship between literature, both classical and modern, and physical natural environment. The studies of eco-criticism also show us how literature contributes to the preservation and survival of the environment. Eco-criticism is an earth-centered study, which focuses on the preservation of the earth ethics. Such types of studies began in America and Europe and later spread to different places. In the world of Urdu literature, more attention was paid to eco-criticism in the 21st century. There was a sudden outburst of cultural studies at the university level, which continued to grow, and in this context, eco-criticism research is also found a place. This study aims to explore the following inquiries “Is the work on eco-criticism in Urdu merely a translation from English or is there any independent work in Urdu? If this theory is from outside, then is the eco-criticism perspective from the outside being also shown in Urdu writings or is our environment used only as a reference in such studies? Is this kind of discourse local or global? Such questions are given central status in this article. Moreover, this article discusses books, magazines, articles, essays, conferences and seminars on eco-criticism in Urdu in the 21st century and research to make a reckoning how much work has been done in Urdu regarding eco-criticism so far. Moreover, what is the nature of such works? Their quantitative and qualitative analysis is also part of this article.