أحداث السيرة النبوية في العهد المدني من خلال كتاب "الإصابة في تمييز الصحابة" للإمام ابن حجر العسقلاني (السنة الأولى للهجرة نموذجًا)

The Events of the Prophetic Biography in the Medinan Era as Presented in Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī’s Al-Iṣābah fī Tamyīz al-Ṣaḥābah: A Case Study of the First Year after the Hijrah

Abstract

This article examines the events of the first year of the Prophet Muhammad’s ﷺ migration to Medina through the perspective of Imam Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani’s Al-Isabah fi Tamyiz al-Sahabah. It emphasizes Ibn Hajar’s meticulous methodology in documenting and verifying narrations related to the Companions, highlighting his critical, selective, and scholarly approach rather than simple chronological narration. The study is structured into four main sections. The first section focuses on the Prophet’s ﷺ initial actions upon arrival, particularly the construction of the Prophet’s Mosque, its preparation, location selection, and the active participation of the Companions in the building process. The second section analyzes the Treaty with the Jews, illustrating principles of justice, peaceful coexistence, and the protection of mutual rights. The third section explores the institution of brotherhood (Mu’akhah) between the Muhajirun and Ansar, detailing the Companions involved and demonstrating the social, ethical, and spiritual significance of this bond in consolidating the early Muslim community. The fourth section reviews the early military expeditions, including those led by Hamza ibn Abdul-Muttalib, Ubaydah ibn al-Harith, Sa’d ibn Abi Waqqas, and Abdullah ibn Jahsh, highlighting Ibn Hajar’s concise yet analytical narration style. Overall, the article provides a structured and critical examination of early Medinan events, reflecting the integration of prophetic leadership and Companions’ roles as documented in Al-Isabah, offering both historical and ethical insights into the foundation of the Islamic community.