COUNTERTERRORISM STRATEGY OF GENERAL PERVEZ MUSHARRAF: 1999-2008 (ACHIEVEMENTS, FAILURES AND CONSEQUENCES)

Abstract

Following the 9/11 tragedy, Pakistan emerged as a frontline non-NATO ally of the United States.  Due to its geo-strategic position along with various internal and external factors, it extended intelligence cooperation and robust logistical support to the US for conducting military operations in Afghanistan. This research paper primarily analyzes and evaluates the post September 11, 2001, counterterrorism strategy of General Pervez Musharraf both in the US-led war on terror (WOT) in Afghanistan as well as Pakistan’s fight against the challenge of militancy within its territory. This narrative encapsulates the pivotal post 9/11 developments in Afghanistan, including the immediate US-led military intervention, the establishment of an interim setup, the eventual withdrawal of the U.S. forces in 2021 and the significant role of Pakistan throughout these developments. The study examines Musharraf’s dual approach combining military operations with peace deals alongside with efforts for madrassah reforms and promotion of enlightenment moderation to counter extremism ideologically and socially. Furthermore it evaluates the achievements, failures and consequences of Musharraf’s anti-terrorism policy. This research is a descriptive qualitative study grounded mainly on secondary sources including books, articles and credible online documents complemented by selective primary sources such as official documents, ordinances, acts and related legislative materials.