سامی اور غیر سامی مذاہب میں وراثت کی تقسیم اور اس کا اطلاق

Inheritance Distribution and Its Application in Semitic and Non-Semitic Religions

Abstract

This study explores the principles, systems, and practical applications of inheritance distribution in Semitic and non-Semitic religions. Semitic religions—primarily Judaism, Christianity, and Islam share historical, cultural, and linguistic roots, which are reflected in their legal and ethical   frameworks. Their inheritance laws emphasize family structure, lineage, moral responsibility, and the preservation of social balance. In Islam and Judaism, inheritance rules are more clearly codified, whereas Christianity often inherits legal norms from local or civil traditions rather than religious scripture. In contrast, non-Semitic religions, including Hinduism, Buddhism, and various ancient cultural traditions, demonstrate diverse and region-specific inheritance patterns. These systems frequently incorporate social hierarchy, caste or clan structures, customary laws, and philosophical views on property and family life. While some non-Semitic systems prioritize patriarchal descent, others allow flexible or community-based distribution. By comparing both religious categories, the paper highlights similarities such as the protection of family rights and the transmission of property across generations, and differences in gender roles, legal codification, and the balance between religious law and cultural practice. The study concludes that understanding inheritance models across civilizations provides valuable insight into their social organization, ethical foundations, and legal evolution.